GEOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY-313 Syllabus

Unit I: Human Geography: Nature and Scope

Unit II: People

Population of the World:
- Distribution, density, and growth.
Population Change:
- Spatial patterns and structure.
- Determinants of population change.
Age-Sex Ratio, Rural-Urban Composition.
Human Development:
- Concept of Human Development.
- Selected indicators of human development.
- International comparisons.

Unit III: Human Activities

Primary Activities:
- Concept and changing trends.
- Gathering, pastoralism, mining, subsistence agriculture, and modern agriculture.
- People engaged in agriculture and allied activities (examples from selected countries).
Secondary Activities:
- Concept.
- Manufacturing: agro-processing, household, small scale, large scale.
- People engaged in secondary activities (examples from selected countries).
Tertiary Activities:
- Concept.
- Trade, transport, communication, and services.
- People engaged in tertiary activities (examples from selected countries).
Quaternary Activities:
- Concept.
- Knowledge-based industries.
- People engaged in quaternary activities (examples from selected countries).

Unit IV: Transport, Communication, and Trade

Land Transport:
- Roads and railways – rail network, trans-continental railways.
Water Transport:
- Inland waterways, major ocean routes.
Air Transport:
- Intercontinental air routes.
Oil and Gas Pipelines.
Satellite Communication and Cyberspace.
International Trade:
- Basis and changing patterns of trade.
- Ports as gateways of international trade.
- The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in international trade.

Unit V: Human Settlements

Settlement Types:
- Rural and urban settlements.
Morphology of Cities:
- Case study of city morphology.
Distribution of Megacities.
Problems of Human Settlements in Developing Countries.

India: People and Economy

Unit I: People

Population:
- Distribution, density, and growth.
- Composition of population (linguistic, religious, sex, rural-urban, and occupational).
- Regional variations in the growth of population.
Migration:
- International and national migration: causes and consequences.
Human Development:
- Selected indicators and regional patterns.
Population, Environment, and Development.

Unit II: Human Settlements

Rural Settlements:
- Types and distribution.
Urban Settlements:
- Types, distribution, and functional classification.

Unit III: Resources and Development

Land Resources:
- General land use, agricultural land use, major crops.
- Agricultural development and problems.
- Common property resources.
Water Resources:
- Availability and utilization for irrigation, domestic, industrial, and other uses.
- Scarcity of water and conservation methods.
- Rainwater harvesting and watershed management (with case study related to participatory watershed management).
Mineral and Energy Resources:
- Metallic and non-metallic minerals and their distribution.
- Conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
Industries:
- Types and distribution.
- Industrial location and clustering.
- Changing pattern of selected industries (iron and steel, cotton textiles, sugar, petrochemicals, and knowledge-based industries).
- Impact of liberalization, privatization, and globalization on industrial location.
Planning in India:
- Target area planning (case study).
- Idea of sustainable development (case study).

Unit IV: Transport, Communication, and International Trade

Transport and Communication:
- Roads, railways, waterways, and airways.
- Oil and gas pipelines.
- National electric grids.
- Communication networks – radio, television, satellite, and internet.
International Trade:
- Changing patterns of India’s foreign trade.
- Seaports and their hinterland.
- Airports and their connectivity.

Unit V: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

Environmental Pollution:
- Types of pollution and their impacts.
Urban Waste Disposal.
Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration:
- Problems of slums and their solutions.
Land Degradation:
- Causes and methods of combating land degradation.

Note:

The examination will have 50 questions out of which 40 need to be attempted.

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