Chemistry – 306 Syllabus for Class 12
Unit I: Solid State
- Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent, and metallic solids.
- Amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea).
- Unit cell in two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices.
- Calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids.
- Number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects.
- Electrical and magnetic properties.
- Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, and n and p-type semiconductors.
Unit II: Solutions
- Types of solutions.
- Expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids.
- Solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions.
- Colligative properties: relative lowering of vapor pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure.
- Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties.
- Abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.
Unit III: Electrochemistry
- Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions.
- Specific and molar conductivity variations with concentration.
- Kohlrausch’s Law.
- Electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea).
- Dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator.
- EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells.
- Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell.
- Fuel cells, corrosion.
Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous).
- Factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst.
- Order and molecularity of a reaction.
- Rate law and specific rate constant.
- Integrated rate equations, and half-life (only for zero and first-order reactions).
- Concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment).
- Activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
Unit V: Surface Chemistry
- Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption.
- Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids.
- Catalysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity.
- Enzyme catalysis.
- Colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids, and suspensions.
- Lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular, and macromolecular colloids.
- Properties of colloids: Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.
- Emulsions – types of emulsions.
Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Principles and methods of extraction: concentration, oxidation, reduction, electrolytic method, and refining.
- Occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminum, copper, zinc, and iron.
Unit VII: p-Block Elements
- Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties.
- Nitrogen: preparation, properties, and uses.
- Compounds of nitrogen: preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only).
- Phosphorus: allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCl₃, PCl₅), and oxoacids (elementary idea only).
- Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties.
- Dioxygen: preparation, properties, and uses.
- Classification of oxides; ozone.
- Sulfur: allotropic forms; compounds of sulfur: preparation, properties, and uses of sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulfur (structures only).
- Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties.
- Compounds of halogens: preparation, properties, and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only).
- Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.
Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements
- General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals.
- General trends in properties of the first-row transition metals: metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, color, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation.
- Preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄.
- Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
- Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and comparison with lanthanoids.
Unit IX: Coordination Compounds
- Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, color, magnetic properties, and shapes.
- IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, CFT.
- Isomerism (structural and stereo).
- Importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and biological systems.
Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation.
- Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only).
- Uses and environmental effects of: dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
- Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
- Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, the reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.
- Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.
Unit XIII: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
- Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
- Cyanides and Isocyanides – will be mentioned at relevant places in context.
- Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Unit XIV: Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): importance.
- Proteins: Elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.
- Hormones: Elementary idea (excluding structure).
- Vitamins: Classification and functions.
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
Unit XV: Polymers
- Classification – Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization.
- Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber.
- Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.
Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Chemicals in Medicines: Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
- Chemicals in Food: Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.
- Cleansing Agents: Soaps and detergents, cleansing action.
Chemistry – 306 Syllabus for Class 12 Looking to achieve top results in CUET UG 2025 and gain admission to prestigious universities like Delhi University (DU), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), and more? At our leading CUET coaching center in Jaipur, we offer a fully structured CUET UG 2025 Course with both CUET Online Coaching and in-person options to suit your study preferences. Our comprehensive curriculum covers everything you need to excel, including the CUET UG 2025 syllabus, exam pattern, and essential practice through CUET UG 2025 subject-wise MCQs and practice sets. Stay ahead with our CUET UG 2025 Crash Course, Foundation Course, and a thorough CUET UG 2025 Test Series to solidify your preparation. We also guide you through the CUET UG 2025 Application Form, exam dates, and admission process with personalized support for each step. Join the best CUET coaching in Jaipur to start your journey towards CUET success with Himalaya EduHub today! Visit CUET UG 2025 Course Information to learn more.
Chemistry – 306 Syllabus for Class 12
